ISSN 0974-3618 (Print) www.rjptonline.org
0974-360X
(Online)
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Morphometric Analysis on Supraorbital Notches and Foramina in South
Indian Skull
S. Syed
Shihaab E Noor1, K. Yuvaraj Babu2
1Saveetha
Dental College, Chennai.
2Assistant
Professor, Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: shihaab92@gmail.com*,
ABSTRACT:
AIM
: To do morphometric analysis on supraorbital notch and foramen.
OBJECTIVE
:To find
the occurrence of
supraorbital notch or
foramen and also
distance between supraorbital
notch or foramen
from glabella.
MATERIALS
:Skulls, Survey sheet,
vernier calliper.
BACK
GROUND : In this research
the morphometric analysis
of the supraorbital
notches and SOF
will be studied
in 70 dry
human skulls from
the Anatomy Department
of Saveetha Dental
College. A clear
knowledge regarding the
supraorbital notches and
foramina is essential
for clinicians to
avoid the injury
of neurovascular bundle
passing through the
same.
REASON
:I was
interested in this
topic as I
wanted to know
the reason for
the difference in
structure in different
individuals and also
I wanted to
know the distance
of this structure
from glabella.
KEY
WORDS: Supraorbital notch,
Supraorbital foramen, skulls,
glabella, neurovascular bundle.
INTRODUCTION:
Supraorbital
notch (SON) or a supraorbital foramen (SOF) is a structure seen in the superior
border of the orbit. Knowing the location is very important and it helps surgeons
to localize this important maxillofacial opening and also to avoid any injuries
to the neurovascular bundle passing through this structure. The location is also
very important while supra orbital nerve blocks are given, like those in the case
of treatment of migraine. The supra orbital nerve is a branch of the first division
of the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Etiology and pathophysiological
mechanism of various unilateral pain syndromes occurring in the frontal and periorbital
region are because of the poor understanding of this structure.
The
supraorbital nerve is a peripheral sensory nerve supplying large areas including
the upper eyelid , forehead and scalp as far as the lambdoid suture, this nerve
is considered as putative source of pain. Supraorbital nerve blocks are used in
hemifacial neuralgias and have been systematically performed in various types of
headache. Sometimes supraorbital nerve block is used as an alternative for tissue
infiltration in situation such as facial lacerations, brow lift surgery and forehead
where tissue distortion would be non unacceptable one. This research has been done
for clear understanding of occurrence of SOF and SON, and their location.[1]
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
70
unsexed human dry skulls were taken from the Anatomy Department of Saveetha
Dental College in this research. Occurrence of SON or SOF were found in these skulls.
The distance between SON or SOF from glabella is measured with the help of vernier
calliper. This research helps us find the percentage occurrence of SON and SOF and
also the average distance of SON or SOF from an important anatomical landmark, the
glabella.
Graph 1: Percentage of
occurrence of SOF and SON on left and right side.
Graph 2 : Distance of SOF/SON from glabella on right and
left side
DISCUSSION:
Isurani
Ilayperuma et.al reported that the SON were found more frequently than SOF. The
percentage reported by them SON occurrence was 64.81 % and that of SOF is 35.19
%.[1] This study reinforces the observation of Chung et al;[2] Gumusburun et al.,2002;[3]
The frequency of the occurrence of SON varied (45.9%-72.9%) among different population[3].
Ashwini LS et al reported that SON were found more frequently than SOF. According
to them occurrence of SON were 69.87% and that of SOF were 28.91%.[4] This study
provides a valuable data on the occurrence, morphometry and location of SON and
SOF in south Indian population. From this research we can find the percentage occurrence
of this structure. This study reports that the percentage occurrence of SOF is 32.14
% and the percentage occurrence of SON is 67.86 %. From the below given graph one
can easily understand the percentage occurrence of SOF and SON clearly.
Gertude
M.Beer[5] observed average distance of SOF or SON from glabella to be 31mm. Chung
M.S. observed average distance to be 22.7 mm[2] Dr.D.J.Trivedi[6] et all reported
that the mean distance of SOF and SON from
glabella to be 24.30 mm on right and 23.73 mm on left. This result are in the same
range as that of our result. According to this study the average distance of SON
from the glabella is found to be 24.991 mm and that of the distance of SOF was found
to be 25.778 mm.
CONCLUSION:
This
study gives a clear idea on the percentage occurrence of the structure on each side
and also the average distance of the structure from an important anatomical landmark,
the glabella. Hence from this research one can locate SOF and SON, it will be very
much helpful for the surgeons in treating migraine, and while giving anesthesia
to supraorbital nerve blocks.
REFERENCE:
1
Ilayperuma I.; nanayakkara G. and
palahapitiya N. Supraorbital
notch/foramen in Sri Lankan skulls: morphometry and surgical relevance. Int. J. Morphol.,
32(2):435-439, 2014.
2
Chung MS: locational relationship of the SOF and
SON in Koreans. Acta anatomica. 154(2) : 162-66
3
Gümüsburun, E.; Katkici, U.; Erdii, H.; Sevim, A. & Gulec, E.
Variations of the supraorbital traits. Morphologie,
86(272):19-22, 2002.
4
Ashwini LS, Mohandas Rao KG, Somayaji SN. Morphological and morphometric
analysis of SOF and SON: a study on human dried skulls. Oman medical journal.
5
Gertude M.Beer et al: variation of the frontal
exit of the supraorbital nerve: an anatomic study. Plastic and reconstructive surgery.
102(2) :334-41
6
Dr.D.J. Trivedi, Dr. P.S. Shrimankar, Dr.
V.B. Kariya; A study of supraorbital Notches and foramina in Gujarati human skull.
NJIRM 2010 ; vol 1(3).